Hydrogen isocyanate
isocyanic acid
CAS: 75-13-8
Molecular Formula: CHNO
Hydrogen isocyanate - Names and Identifiers
| Name | isocyanic acid |
| Synonyms | HNCO JACS-75-13-8 ISOCYANIC ACID isocyanic acid Polyisocyanates Hydrogen isocyanide Hydrogen isocyanate Isocyanic acid(6CI,8CI,9CI) |
| CAS | 75-13-8 |
| InChI | InChI=1/CHNO/c2-1-3/h2H |
Hydrogen isocyanate - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | CHNO |
| Molar Mass | 43.02 |
| Density | 1.04±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) |
| Melting Point | -86 °C |
| Boling Point | 41.91°C (rough estimate) |
| Flash Point | <-15℃(闭杯) |
| Vapor Presure | 6750mmHg at 25°C |
| PH | 3.35(1 mM solution);2.76(10 mM solution);2.23(100 mM solution) |
| Refractive Index | 1.4300 (estimate) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | generic name of various esters of isocyanic acid. Colorless clear liquid, with strong irritation. Monoisocyanate R-N = C = O and diisocyanate O = C = N-R-N = C = O. Generally a liquid with an unpleasant odor. One isocyanate is easy to react with ammonia or amine to form urea, and is easy to react with alcohol to form urethane (such as urethane). |
| Use | For home appliances, automotive, construction, footwear, furniture, adhesives and other industries. It can activate the surface activity of the fiber to promote the adhesion between the cord, EP canvas, polyester rope and rubber, improve the coating, paint and other difficult to adhere and easy to become yellow, and solve the coloring in the printing and dyeing industry, fading problem |
Hydrogen isocyanate - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Benzene Formaldehyde Nitric acid |
Hydrogen isocyanate - Reference Information
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | isocyanate, isocyanate (HNCO) of the various esters of the general, the more important compounds are alkyl monoisocyanates, (Substituted) phenyl monoisocyanate, a-substituted isocyanate, polyisocyanates and other four categories, of which the common toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (PAPI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and the like. Due to their different characteristics, they are widely used in the preparation of plant protectants, insecticides, herbicides, plant growth regulators and antitumor drugs, and their polymers can be used to synthesize pigments, resins, textile hydrophobic agents, plastics, detergents, foams, elastomers, adhesives and coatings. |
| Types and uses | more important isocyanate compounds can be divided into the following categories 1. Alkyl monoisocyanates alkyl monoisocyanates are more important in methyl isocyanate, n-butyl isocyanate, tert-butyl isocyanate. Methyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of carbofuran, propoxur, carbaryl, methomyl, isoprocarb, SEC-Dingwei, polyurethane, polyurea and xuemaining, etc.; N-butyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of chlorsulfuron-methyl, sulfuron-methyl, bensulfuron-methyl, tribensulfuron-methyl, tribensulfuron-methyl ether, chlorsulfuron-methyl and pyrisulfuron-methyl, etc.; Tert-butyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of lonanother, etc. 2.(Substituted) phenyl monoisocyanate (substituted) phenyl monoisocyanate is more important in phenyl isocyanate, P-chlorophenyl isocyanate, 3-chlorophenyl isocyanate, 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate, 3, 5-dichlorophenyl isocyanate, P-methylphenyl isocyanate, 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl isocyanate, P-isopropylphenyl isocyanate, P-bromophenyl isocyanate, P-nitrophenyl isocyanate and 4-(p-chlorophenoxy)-phenyl isocyanate. The phenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of feuron, three acetic acid feuron, ring grass, aniline spirit, sugar beet Amine, card grass Amine, drop grass Amine, pentanlong and grass, and so on; P-chlorophenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of fungicide 3-trifluoromethyl-4, 4 '-dichlorocarbonyl diphenylamine, bacteriostatic agent 3, 4, 4'-trichlorodiphenylurea, tarhalon, chlorosulfuron, green Gluton and planting Turon, etc.; 3-chlorophenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of chloranilidine, Polygonum and oat spirit, etc.; 3, 4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of trichloron, licuton, monkshood and dipyridamole, etc.; 3, 5-dichlorophenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of isourea, Sclerotinia, etc.; P-Methyl phenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of dipyridamole, etc; M-Methyl phenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of betanning and the like; 3-chloro-4-methyl phenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of chlorophenone and the like; P-trifluoromethyl phenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of p-fluorolone; 3-trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of vortazone; 3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of methoxymethyl and the like; P-isopropylphenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of Isoproturon and the like; P-bromophenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of xiuguron; P-nitrophenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of deratization Amine, deratization and so on; 4-(p-chlorophenoxy)-phenyl isocyanic acid is mainly used for the preparation of subtilon; 4 A (p-methoxy phenoxy) a phenyl isocyanate is mainly used for the preparation of kupenong; 4 A (to methyl phenyl ethoxy) One-phenyl-isocyanato is mainly used for the preparation of phenylfuron. 3.a-substituted diisocyanate a-substituted diisocyanate was used for the synthesis of light-colored polyurethane coatings, mainly with m-(or p-)-tetramethylxylene diisocyanate [m-(or p-)TMXDI], M-isopropene-a,a-dimethyl benzyl isocyanate (m-TMI). 4. Polyisocyanates mainly isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), commonly used as light-colored polyurethane raw materials; Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), mainly used for the preparation of diurea compounds; Triphenylmethane triisocyanate, 4,4, 4 '-triisocyanate phenyl phosphate, 4,4' ,4 '-triisocyanate phenyl phosphorothioate, mainly used as adhesive. |
| preparation method | 1. Phosgene Method according to the production process conditions, phosgene method can be divided into liquid phosgene method and gas phase phosgene method. (1) liquid-phase phosgene method ① liquid-phase salt-forming phosgenation method: Amines first form corresponding hydrochloride or carbonate with HCl or CO2 gas, and then react with liquid-phase phosgene to obtain isocyanate. The use of this technology can be used under mild conditions (even room temperature) to prepare isocyanate, while the reaction yield is high, but the disadvantage is that the reaction time is long, the required solvent is large, by-products are numerous and difficult to separate. (2) Direct phosgene method in liquid phase: it is mainly used for the reaction of amine compounds with low reactivity, high boiling point and not easy to vaporize with phosgene, TDI, MDI and other mainstream isocyanate products are widely used in industrial production methods. The liquid phase direct phosgenation method can be divided into heavy solvent method and light solvent method according to the solvent used, and can be divided into kettle type process, tower type process and continuous process according to the process flow. But no matter what kind of way, can be summarized as hot and cold Photo-gasification method and one-step high temperature photo-gasification method, but because of the low synthesis yield of one-step high temperature liquid phase photo-gasification method, so the general industrial production is the use of cold and hot two-step phosgenation. The two-step phosgenation is the first to occur in the cold phosgene reaction, that is, the primary amine and phosgene react at a lower temperature (<80 ° C): the RNH2 COCl2 → RNHCOCl HClRNH2 HCl → RNH2 · HClRNH2 RNHCOCl → RNH2 · HCl RNCORNH2 RNCO → RNHCONHR hot phosgenation reaction is carried out by heating the product of cold phosgenation to 100~200 °c, continue to feed excess phosgene to decompose carbamoyl chloride, hydrochloride of primary amines and urea to form Isocyanates: RNHCOCl → RNCO HClRNH2 · RNCO HCl → RNHCONHR hclrnhcocl2 → 2RNCO 2HCl tar due to the availability of raw materials, easy operation, high yield, This method is used for large-scale industrial production. (2) the principle of the gas phase phosgene method is similar to that of the liquid phase phosgene method, except that the amine compounds are gasified at a high temperature of 200~600, A process whereby isocyanates are produced in one step by homogeneous reaction with phosgene in the gas phase. Compared with the liquid phase phosgene method, this method has the advantages of high reaction yield and low energy consumption, and has become the mainstream development direction in the synthesis of isocyanate by phosgene method. 2. Non-phosgene method in addition to the phosgenation method, other methods of synthesizing isocyanate are collectively referred to as non-phosgenation method, mainly including carbonyl method, urethane thermal decomposition method, halogenated Beta elimination method, urethane anion dehydration method, etc. (1) carbonylation method ① one-step carbonylation method: the specific reaction is as follows: the reaction of nitro compound and carbon monoxide directly generates isocyanate: RNO2 3CO → RNCO 2CO2 one-step method although it is the most reasonable in principle, however, the reaction conditions are relatively severe, especially in order to ensure the excess of carbon monoxide, the reaction must be carried out at a pressure of more than 20MPa, which brings higher requirements to the equipment and process control. In addition, the process also requires the use of a large amount of noble metals (Pd or Rh) and metal oxides as the main catalyst and cocatalyst, respectively, which makes the production cost of the method greatly increased, so far, the method has not been applied in industry. (2) two-step carbonylation method (also known as carbamate thermal decomposition method): using nitrogen-containing compounds and carbon monoxide as raw materials, urethane is first generated, and then thermal decomposition is carried out to obtain isocyanate, Therefore, it is also called the thermal decomposition method of carbamate. Due to the mild reaction conditions and wide application range of this method. According to the raw materials required for the synthesis of carbamate, the first step reaction is divided into amino oxidative carbonylation method, Nitro reduction carbonylation method, dimethyl carbonate method and urea-n-butanol method. a. Oxidative carbonylation of amino acids this process generates carbamates from amines, carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of methanol by catalysis of a noble metal (Pd or Rh), the urea by-products formed at the same time can be automatically converted into carbamates in the presence of methanol. RNH2 CO 0.5 O2 CH3OH → RNH-COOCH3 H2ORNHCOOCH3 → RNCO ch3oh. Nitro reduction carbonylation nitro compounds can also be in the carbon monoxide and alcohol environment by Pd or Rh catalysis to form carbamates. RNO2 3CO CH3OH → RNHCOOCH3 2CO2RNHCOOCH3 → RNCO CH3OH in addition, the amino oxidative carbonylation and Nitro reduction carbonylation can be integrated in one step. RNO2 3CO RNH2 3CH3OH → 2RNHCOOCH 3 CO2 H2Oc. Dimethyl carbonate method this method is essentially similar to the above two methods, except that the carbonylation process is carried out first, and then the methoxycarbonyl group is introduced. The advantages of this reaction are that the reaction pollution is small, the reaction yield is high, the reaction conditions are mild, and the catalyst is cheap and easily available, it is only the difficulty of the recovery of the catalyst and the separation of the product that limits its large scale application in industry. d. Urea-n-butanol amine and urea, n-butanol can easily produce carbamate: RNH2 H2NCONH2 → RNHCONH2RNHCONH2 C4H9OH → RNHCOOC4H9 → RNCO(2) halogenated Beta elimination method trihaloacetamide compounds can be in the presence of diazabicyclo (DBU) and dimethyl sulfoxide to generate isocyanate: figure 2 is the reaction formula (3) for preparation of isocyanate by halogenated β-elimination method dehydration of carbamate anions a solution of carbamate anions prepared from a mixture of CO2 and an organic base-primary amine can undergo dehydration reaction with phosphorus-containing electrophilic reagents (POCl3, PCl3, P4O10), in order to obtain isocyanate: Figure 3 is the reaction formula for the preparation of isocyanate by urethane anion dehydration method |
| note | 1. It can react with human protein to generate denatured protein. Its vapor can react with the water in tears to generate amines, stimulate the eye mucosa, and have a strong tear action. 3. After inhalation, the respiratory system is stimulated, causing Dry Cough, sore throat. Long-term inhalation of diisocyanate will damage the lungs, causing Head Pain, bronchitis and asthma. For people suffering from asthma allergies, inhalation of isocyanate, may cause allergic reactions, resulting in Dyspnea and other symptoms, serious will lead to death. (2015-11-23) |
| Use | for home appliances, automobiles, construction, footwear, furniture, adhesives and other industries |
Last Update：2024-06-05 16:51:53
Supplier List
Product Name: isocyanic acid Request for quotation
CAS: 75-13-8
Tel: 0086-551-65418684
Email: sales@tnjchem.com
info@tnjchem.com
Mobile: 0086 189 4982 3763
QQ: 2881500840
Wechat: 0086 189 4982 3763
WhatsApp: 0086 189 4982 3763
Product List: View Catalog
CAS: 75-13-8
Tel: 0086-551-65418684
Email: sales@tnjchem.com
info@tnjchem.com
Mobile: 0086 189 4982 3763
QQ: 2881500840
Wechat: 0086 189 4982 3763
WhatsApp: 0086 189 4982 3763
Product List: View Catalog
Product Name: isocyanic acid Request for quotation
CAS: 75-13-8
Tel: 0086-551-65418684
Email: sales@tnjchem.com
info@tnjchem.com
Mobile: 0086 189 4982 3763
QQ: 2881500840
Wechat: 0086 189 4982 3763
WhatsApp: 0086 189 4982 3763
Product List: View Catalog
CAS: 75-13-8
Tel: 0086-551-65418684
Email: sales@tnjchem.com
info@tnjchem.com
Mobile: 0086 189 4982 3763
QQ: 2881500840
Wechat: 0086 189 4982 3763
WhatsApp: 0086 189 4982 3763
Product List: View Catalog
View History
Raw Materials for Hydrogen isocyanate